The Norman Influence in IIth century
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Duncan I was killed in 1040 by Macbeth. He had ruled for 17 years. Macbeth was killed by Duncan's son, Malcolm Canmore in 1057. It was Malcolm Canmore's second wife, Margaret, who made his 36-year reign memorable. She was an English princess, sister of Edgar the Atheling. She and her
Margaret was extremely pious and later canonized, set about Anglicizing the Celtic church. She brought in English clergy and established an English court, and it was her influence that civilized Scotland and transformed it into a kingdom similar to Norman England. |
The Lowland clans gave up their democracy: mormaers became earls and established a feudal system, while the Highlands and Islands retained the old, patriarchal clan.
Malcolm coveted the English throne and made several raid into Cumbria and Northumberland forcing William the Conqueror to invade Scotland. To keep face, Malcolm paid homage to William in 1071 but continued to fight the English until he was slain at the Seige of Alnwick in 1093. Margaret only survived him by three days.
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